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Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read
the following text. Choose the best word（s）
for each numbered blank and mark [A]，
[B]，
[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.
（10
points）
Ancient
Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily
exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the
contrary，
laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness
Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the
heart and its blood vessels，
___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard
laughter is difficult to __4__，
a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way，
say，
walking or jogging does.
__6__，
instead of straining muscles to build them，
as exercise does，
laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，
studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter__8___
muscles，
decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies
down.
Such
bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of
psychological stress. Anyway，
the act of laughing probably does produce other types of
___10___ feedback，
that improve an individual‘s emotional state. __11____one
classical theory of emotion，
our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions.
It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not
cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears
begin to flow.
Although
sadness also ____14___ tears，
evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular
responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social
psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in
Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their
teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips，
which would produce a（n）
__17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their
enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months
were contracted in a frown，
____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than
just the other way around __20__
，
the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
1.[A]among
[B]except [C]despite [D]like
2.[A]reflect
[B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing
[B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining
4.[A]transmit
[B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe
5.[A]measurable
[B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable
6.[A]In
turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief
7.[A]opposite
[B]impossible [C]average [D]expected
8.[A]hardens
[B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate
[B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance
10.[A]physical
[B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal
11.[A]Except
for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for
12.[A]with
[B]on [C]in [D]at
13.[A]unless
[B]until [C]if [D]because
14.[A]exhausts
[B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses
15.[A]into
[B]from [C]towards [D]beyond
16.[A]fetch
[B]bite [C]pick [D]hold
17.[A]disappointed
[B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent
18.[A]adapted
[B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting
[B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually
[B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part
A
Directions：
Read
the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text
by choosing [A]，
[B]，
[C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
（40
points）
Text
1
The
decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as
its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music
world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in
2009. For the most part，
the response has been favorable，
to say the least. “Hooray！
At last！”
wrote Anthony Tommasini，
a sober-sided classical-music critic.
One
of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise，
however，
is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini，
who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times，
calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the
formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next
music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by
musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez，
that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as
faint praise.
For
my part，
I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a
good one. To be sure，
he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions，
but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall，
or anywhere else，
to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go
to my CD shelf，
or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music
from iTunes.
Devoted
concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for
live performance are missing the point. For the time，
attention，
and money of the art-loving public，
classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera
houses，
dance troupes，
theater companies，
and museums，
but also with the recorded performances of the great classical
musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap，
available everywhere，
and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live
performances；
moreover，
they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s
choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has
thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the
traditional classical concert.
One
possible response is for classical performers to program
attractive new music that is not yet available on record.
Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted：
Alex Ross，
a classical-music critic，
has described him as a man who is capable of turning the
Philharmonic into “a markedly different，
more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that
difference？
Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough.
If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，
they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest
orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.
21.
We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appointment has
[A]incurred
criticism.
[B]raised
suspicion.
[C]received
acclaim.
[D]aroused
curiosity.
22.
Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.
The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
[A]ignore
the expenses of live performances.
[B]reject
most kinds of recorded performances.
[C]exaggerate
the variety of live performances.
[D]overestimate
the value of live performances.
24.
According to the text，
which of the following is true of recordings？
[A]They
are often inferior to live concerts in quality.
[B]They
are easily accessible to the general public.
[C]They
help improve the quality of music.
[D]They
have only covered masterpieces.
25.
Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic，
the author feels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Text
2
When
Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August，
his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than
cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses，
he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of
running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my
decision，”
McGee says. Within two weeks，
he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford
Financial Services Group，
which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
McGee
says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to
reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a
clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And
McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon
and American Express quit with the explanation that they were
looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in
response to shareholder pressure，
executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A
turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious
of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
As
the first signs of recovery begin to take hold，
deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a
net. In the third quarter，
CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards
stuck with the leaders they had，
according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up，
opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.
The
decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is
unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have
adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are
the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner
Dennis Carey：“I
can‘t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not
instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”
Those
who jumped without a job haven‘t always landed in top positions
quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age，
saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became
head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert
Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He
finally took that post at a major financial institution three
years later.
Many
recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.
The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between
jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it‘s safer
to stay where you are，
but that’s been fundamentally inverted，”
says one headhunter. “The people who‘ve been hurt the worst are
those who’ve stayed too long.”
26.
When McGee announced his departure，
his manner can best be described as being
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27.
According to Paragraph 2，
senior executives‘ quitting may be spurred by
[A]their
expectation of better financial status.
[B]their
need to reflect on their private life.
[C]their
strained relations with the boards.
[D]their
pursuit of new career goals.
28.
The word “poached”
（Line
3，
Paragraph 4）
most probably means
[A]approved
of.
[B]attended
to.
[C]hunted
for.
[D]guarded
against.
29.
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A]top
performers used to cling to their posts.
[B]loyalty
of top performers is getting out-dated.
[C]top
performers care more about reputations.
[D]it‘s
safer to stick to the traditional rules.
30.
Which of the following is the best title for the text？
[A]CEOs：
Where to Go？
[B]CEOs：
All the Way Up？
[C]Top
Managers Jump without a Net
[D]The
Only Way Out for Top Performers
Text
3
The
rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what
you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such
as television commercials and print advertisements – still play
a major role，
companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.
Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by
sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers
registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the
broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
Paid
and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own
products. For earned media
，
such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in
some cases，
one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media
– for instance，
when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We
define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong
that other organizations place their content or e-commerce
engines within that environment. This trend
，which
we believe is still in its infancy，
effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as
airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson &
Johnson，
for example，
has created BabyCenter，
a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and
even competitive products. Besides generating income，
the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，
gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information
about the appeal of other companies’ marketing，
and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.
The
same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers
with more
（and
more diverse）
communications choices have also increased the risk that
passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，
more visible，
and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the
opposite of earned media：
an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，
other stakeholders，
or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or
product. Members of social networks，
for instance，
are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the
businesses that originally created them.
If
that happens，
passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott
products，
putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a
case，
the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or
thoughtful，
and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor，
for example，
alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier
this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated
social-media response campaign，
which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on
sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
31.Consumers
may create “earned” media when they are
[A]
obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.
[B]
inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.
[C]
eager to help their friends promote quality products.
[D]
enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.
32.
According to Paragraph 2，sold
media feature
[A]
a safe business environment.
[B]
random competition.
[C]
strong user traffic.
[D]
flexibility in organization.
33.
The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
[A]
invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.
[B]
can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.
[C]
may be responsible for fiercer competition.
[D]
deserve all the negative comments about them.
34.
Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of
[A]
responding effectively to hijacked media.
[B]
persuading customers into boycotting products.
[C]
cooperating with supportive consumers.
[D]
taking advantage of hijacked media.
35.
Which of the following is the text mainly about
？
[A]
Alternatives to conventional paid media.
[B]
Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
[C]
Dominance of hijacked media.
[D]
Popularity of owned media.
Text
4
It‘s
no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful，
provocative magazine cover story，
“I love My Children，
I Hate My Life，”
is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the
suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely
fulfilling，
life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children
make parents either happy or miserable，
Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness：
instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by
moment-to-moment joy，
we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even
though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be
soul-crushingly hard，
Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen
our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and
delight.”
The
magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby
is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this
week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly
single – mom Sandra Bullock，
as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news.
Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom，
or mom-to-be，
smiling on the newsstands.
In
a society that so persistently celebrates procreation，
is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is
equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing
？
It doesn‘t seem quite fair，
then，
to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the
children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they
shouldn’t have had kids，
but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that
children are the single most important thing in the world：
obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping
baby-size holes in their lives.
Of
course，
the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly
and People present is hugely unrealistic，
especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.
According to several studies concluding that parents are less
happy than childless couples，
single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there，
considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner
to lean on；
yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，
raising a kid on their “own”
（read：
with round-the-clock help）
is a piece of cake.
It‘s
hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want
children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so
glamorous：
most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s
interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of
stress-free，
happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‘t in some small，
subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with
the actual experience，
in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the
Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer
Aniston.
36.Jennifer
Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring
[A]temporary
delight
[B]enjoyment
in progress
[C]happiness
in retrospect
[D]lasting
reward
37.We
learn from Paragraph 2 that
[A]celebrity
moms are a permanent source for gossip.
[B]single
mothers with babies deserve greater attention.
[C]news
about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
[D]having
children is highly valued by the public.
38.It
is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks
[A]are
constantly exposed to criticism.
[B]are
largely ignored by the media.
[C]fail
to fulfill their social responsibilities.
[D]are
less likely to be satisfied with their life.
39.According
to Paragraph 4，
the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
[A]soothing.
[B]ambiguous.
[C]compensatory.
[D]misleading.
40.Which
of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？
[A]Having
children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
[B]Celebrity
moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
[C]Having
children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
[D]We
sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
Part
B
Directions：
The
following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions
41-45，
you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent
text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the
numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
（10
points）
[A]
No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much
enthusiasm as the humanities. You can，
Mr Menand points out，
became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But
the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the
humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly，
up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before
getting their degrees.
[B]
His concern is mainly with the humanities：
Literature，
languages，
philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out
of style：
22% of American college graduates now major in business compared
with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However，
many leading American universities want their undergraduates to
have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated
person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on
what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard，
Mr Menand notes，
“the great books are read because they have been read”-they form
a sort of social glue.
[C]
Equally unsurprisingly，
only about half end up with professorships for which they
entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is
partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs.
But fewer students want to study humanities subjects：
English departments awarded more bachelor‘s degrees in 1970-71
than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer
teachers. So，
at the end of a decade of theses-writing，
many humanities students leave the profession to do something
for which they have not been trained.
[D]
One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is
that they can cut across the insistence by top American
universities that liberal-arts educations and professional
education should be kept separate，
taught in different schools. Many students experience both
varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end
up in law，
medicine or business，
future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist
liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional
qualification. [E] Besides professionalizing the professions by
this separation，
top American universities have professionalised the professor.
The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the
process：
federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990，
but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its
toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral
degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career：
as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess
one. But the key idea behind professionalisation，
argues Mr Menand，
is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular
specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So
disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of
knowledge，
but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.
[F]
The key to reforming higher education，
concludes Mr Menand，
is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are
produced.”Otherwise，
academics will continue to think dangerously alike，
increasingly detached from the societies which they study，
investigate and criticize.“Academic inquiry，
at least in some fields，
may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet
quite how that happens，
Mr Menand dose not say.
[G]
The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas：
Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read
by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree.
They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has
been happening in American Universities，
and Louis Menand，
a professor of English at Harvard University，
captured it skillfully.
G
→ 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.
Part
C
Directions：
Read
the following text carefully and then translate the underlined
segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written
carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.
（10
points）
With
its theme that “Mind is the master weaver，”
creating our inner character and outer circumstances，
the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth
exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
（46）
Allen‘s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that
because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and
reveal its erroneous nature.
Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter，
we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless；
this allows us to think one way and act another. However，
Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much
action as the conscious mind，
and
（47）
while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through
the conscious mind alone，
in reality we are continually faced with a question：
“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？
”
Since
desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do
not accord with desire，
Allen concluded
：
“ We do not attract what we want，
but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person
embody the external achievement；
you don‘t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between
mind and matter.
Part
of the fame of Allen‘s book is its contention that
“Circumstances do not make a person，
they reveal him.”
（48）
This seems a justification for neglect of those in need，
and a rationalization of exploitation，
of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of
those at the bottom.
This
，however，
would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of
circumstances，
however bad，
offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always
determined the life and prospects of people，
then humanity would never have progressed. In fat，
（49）circumstances
seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel
that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a
conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless，
as any biographer knows，
a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest
gift to an individual.
The
sobering aspect of Allen‘s book is that we have no one else to
blame for our present condition except ourselves.
（50）
The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that
everything is up to us；
where before we were experts in the array of limitations，
now we become authorities of what is possible.
Section
Ⅲ
Writing
Part
A
51.
Directions：
Write
a letter to a friend of yours to
1）
recommend one of your favorite movies and
2）
give reasons for your recommendation
Your
should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
Do
not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING”
instead.
Do
not writer the address.（10
points）
Part
B
52.
Directions：
Write
an essay of 160——200 words based on the following drawing. In
your essay，
you should
1）
describe the drawing briefly，
2）
explain it‘s intended meaning，
and
3）
give your comments.
Your
should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
（20
points）
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